Flow from the End of a Vertical Pipe
This estimates the flow rate out of the end of a vertical pipe. This is not very accurate (+ or - 15%) but can serve as an estimate. Assumes the pipe is vertical and cut off square. Learn more about the units used on this page.
The Equations
This calculator uses
for H less than 0.37d and
for H greater than 1.4d, and whichever of the two calculated Qs is less for H in between 0.37d and 1.4d (where these estimates are the least reliable). Reference: U.S. Bureau of Rec. Water Measurement Manual.
and:
= Flow rate (gal/min)
= Inside diameter of the pipe (inches) (day)
= Height of free water surface above the end of the pipe (inches)